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Codeshare and joint-venture map

A live status sheet of the major joint ventures and revenue-sharing partnerships that shape long-haul premium-cabin itinerary construction. 13 JVs covering the world's main premium corridors. Per-row sources and last-verified dates.

Last updated · Reviewed by Editorial Team

Most long-haul premium-cabin booking decisions are shaped by joint ventures — multi-carrier revenue-sharing arrangements with antitrust immunity that let alliance members coordinate schedules and capacity on the corridor the JV covers. The operating carrier on your flight may be a different member than the one that sold you the ticket. This tracker maps which carriers are interchangeable on which corridors so you can check the metal before paying premium-cabin money.

At a glance

13 joint ventures tracked, by scope

Transatlantic

3

JVs in this scope.

Transpacific

4

JVs in this scope.

Pacific-Asia

2

JVs in this scope.

Europe-Asia

2

JVs in this scope.

Oceania-Middle East

1

JVs in this scope.

Global bilateral

1

JVs in this scope.

The map

Joint venture summary

Each JV with its members, scope, founding year, and last verification.

JV nameMembersScopeFoundedStatusLast verified
Atlantic Joint Business (oneworld)American Airlines, British Airways, Iberia, Finnair, Aer Lingustransatlantic2010expanded2026-05-06
Atlantic Joint Venture (SkyTeam Trans-Atlantic)Delta Air Lines, KLM, Air France, Virgin Atlantictransatlantic2009expanded2026-05-06
Delta + Korean Air Trans-Pacific Joint VentureDelta Air Lines, Korean Airtranspacific2018active2026-05-06
A++ Atlantic Joint Venture (Star Alliance Trans-Atlantic)United Airlines, Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines, Swiss, Brussels Airlines, Air Canadatransatlantic2009expanded2026-05-06
American Airlines + Japan Airlines Pacific Joint BusinessAmerican Airlines, Japan Airlinestranspacific2011active2026-05-06
American Airlines + Cathay Pacific Pacific Joint BusinessAmerican Airlines, Cathay Pacificpacific asia2017active2026-05-06
United Airlines + ANA Pacific Joint VentureUnited Airlines, ANA (All Nippon Airways)transpacific2011active2026-05-06
Emirates + Qantas Joint VentureEmirates, Qantasoceania middle east2013restructured2026-05-06
Qatar Airways + IAG (BA + Iberia) Joint BusinessQatar Airways, British Airways, Iberiaeurope asia2017active2026-05-06
Cathay Pacific + Japan Airlines Pacific Joint BusinessCathay Pacific, Japan Airlinespacific asia2019active2026-05-06
United Airlines + EVA Air Pacific CodeshareUnited Airlines, EVA Airtranspacific2013active2026-05-06
Air India + Singapore Airlines (post-merger India-Asia)Air India, Singapore Airlineseurope asia2024restructured2026-05-06
China Southern Bilateral Codeshare NetworkChina Southern, American Airlines, Air France, KLM, British Airways, Qatar Airwaysglobal bilateral2019active2026-05-06

JV detail

What each JV covers, and what it does not

Atlantic Joint Business (oneworld)

Founded 2010 · 5 members

transatlantic

The Atlantic JB is the deepest oneworld revenue-sharing arrangement, covering most US-to-Europe transatlantic flying among its members. It originated as an AA-BA-IB tie-up in 2010 with US DOT and EU Commission antitrust immunity, then expanded to include Finnair and (more recently) Aer Lingus. Members coordinate schedules and share revenue on JB-covered routes; passengers see one fare regardless of operating carrier.

Routes covered

Substantially all transatlantic services between Europe and North America operated by the five member carriers — JFK / LHR, ORD / LHR, DFW / LHR, BOS / LHR, MIA / MAD, JFK / DUB, and dozens more.

Not covered

Routes operated by non-member oneworld carriers (e.g. Cathay 5th-freedom flights between New York and Vancouver). Routes outside the Atlantic corridor (Pacific, Latin America). Award redemptions follow each programme's own rules — JB membership does not change the mileage cost.

Booking implication

On a transatlantic flight booked through any JB member, the operating carrier may be any other JB member with no fare difference. Premium-cabin product quality is then determined by the operating carrier — a "BA flight" sold by AA may be on AA Flagship Business or BA Club Suite depending on the metal. Always check the operating carrier and aircraft before booking on cabin-quality grounds.

Members
American Airlines, British Airways, Iberia, Finnair, Aer Lingus

Atlantic Joint Venture (SkyTeam Trans-Atlantic)

Founded 2009 · 4 members

transatlantic

The SkyTeam transatlantic JV between Delta, KLM, and Air France took its current shape in 2009 (with antitrust immunity granted in 2008), and Virgin Atlantic joined the expanded venture in 2014 after Delta acquired a 49% stake. Members coordinate transatlantic capacity and share revenue across the corridor, with Virgin Atlantic's LHR slots filling the London gap left by KLM/AF's continental hubs.

Routes covered

Transatlantic services between the US and Europe, particularly via the AMS (KLM), CDG (Air France), and LHR (Virgin Atlantic) hubs plus Delta's US gateways.

Not covered

Non-transatlantic routes operated by the same carriers. Air France-KLM routes to Asia or Africa are governed by separate bilateral arrangements where they exist.

Booking implication

A Delta-issued ticket on a transatlantic flight may be operated on AF, KL, or VS metal. The product gap between the four members is meaningful — VS Upper Class on the A330neo is materially better than DL One on a 767. Check operating carrier and aircraft before booking.

Members
Delta Air Lines, KLM, Air France, Virgin Atlantic

Delta + Korean Air Trans-Pacific Joint Venture

Founded 2018 · 2 members

transpacific

The Delta + Korean Air JV (granted US DOT antitrust immunity in 2017) covers transpacific traffic between the Americas and Asia via Korean's ICN hub plus Delta's US west-coast and east-coast gateways. The JV reshaped Delta's Asia network by routing most of its eastbound Asian traffic through ICN rather than NRT (Delta's former Asian hub).

Routes covered

Transpacific routes between the Americas and Asia via ICN — including connections beyond ICN to Southeast Asia, Greater China, and Japan that Korean operates.

Not covered

Korean Air and Asiana Airlines are merging — the Delta JV pre-dates the merger, and post-merger integration is still being worked through with regulators. JV scope may shift as the combined Korean Air entity takes shape.

Booking implication

For US-to-Asia premium cabin via ICN, the JV makes Delta a competitive alternative to United (Star Alliance via NRT/HND/PEK) or American (oneworld via JL via NRT/HND). Korean Air Prestige Suite and First Class are the operating-side premium products to weight in the decision.

Members
Delta Air Lines, Korean Air

A++ Atlantic Joint Venture (Star Alliance Trans-Atlantic)

Founded 2009 · 6 members

transatlantic

The Star Alliance Atlantic JV (branded internally as "A++" by Lufthansa Group) is the largest of the three transatlantic JVs by member count, combining United and Air Canada from the North American side with the Lufthansa Group carriers (Lufthansa, Swiss, Austrian, Brussels Airlines). DOT antitrust immunity granted in 2009; the JV coordinates schedules and revenues across the Atlantic.

Routes covered

Substantially all transatlantic services between North America and Europe operated by the six member carriers, anchored by FRA, MUC, ZRH, VIE, BRU, LHR (LH) and EWR, ORD, IAD, YYZ (UA, AC) hub geography.

Not covered

Air Canada operates significant transpacific and Asia routes outside the Atlantic JV scope. Lufthansa Group's long-haul to Asia / Middle East is in separate arrangements where they exist.

Booking implication

For US-to-Europe premium cabin, the A++ JV makes UA / LH / AC interchangeable on the booking side. Lufthansa Allegris (rolling out across the LH long-haul fleet) is the most differentiated premium product; UA Polaris and AC Signature Class are comparable widebody products. AC and UA operate Boeing 787 and 777 widebodies; LH is rolling Allegris on A350 first.

Members
United Airlines, Lufthansa, Austrian Airlines, Swiss, Brussels Airlines, Air Canada

American Airlines + Japan Airlines Pacific Joint Business

Founded 2011 · 2 members

transpacific

The AA + JL Pacific JB covers transpacific flying between the Americas and Asia via JL's NRT and HND hubs plus AA's US gateways. DOT antitrust immunity granted in 2010; the JB coordinates schedule and capacity, particularly important for HND slot allocation given the limited number of US-HND pairings each carrier holds.

Routes covered

Transpacific services between US and Japan operated by AA and JL, with onward connections to other Asian points via JL's NRT/HND hubs (where JL onward service exists).

Not covered

Asia-internal flying not via Japan. Cathay Pacific (also oneworld, on the Pacific) is in a separate JB arrangement with AA covering different city pairs.

Booking implication

JL's A350-1000 First and Business Class is the standout premium product on the JV — newest hard product on the corridor. AA Flagship Business on the 777-300ER is the secondary product. For US-Japan premium cabin, JL metal is preferable on cabin-quality grounds where the schedule works.

Members
American Airlines, Japan Airlines

American Airlines + Cathay Pacific Pacific Joint Business

Founded 2017 · 2 members

pacific asia

The AA + CX Pacific Joint Business covers transpacific flying between the Americas and Asia via Cathay's HKG hub plus AA's US gateways. The JB coordinates capacity and revenue on city pairs spanning the two carriers, particularly on the LAX, JFK, BOS, ORD, DFW links to HKG.

Routes covered

Transpacific services between US gateways and HKG operated by AA and CX, with onward connections to Greater China and Southeast Asia via HKG (where CX operates onward service).

Not covered

AA + JL covers US-Japan separately. CX flying to Africa, Middle East, Europe, or Australia is outside the JB scope.

Booking implication

Cathay Aria Suite (rolling out on 777-300ER, all 777-9 from delivery) is the operating-side premium product to target. AA Flagship Business is the alternative metal on the corridor. CX premium cabin remains a benchmark for Asian long-haul premium product.

Members
American Airlines, Cathay Pacific

United Airlines + ANA Pacific Joint Venture

Founded 2011 · 2 members

transpacific

The UA + NH Pacific JV (granted DOT antitrust immunity in 2010) covers transpacific flying between the Americas and Asia via ANA's NRT and HND hubs plus UA's US gateways. UA + NH and AA + JL are direct competitors on the US-Japan corridor; the JV structure gives UA the same schedule-coordination advantage AA-JL has.

Routes covered

Transpacific services between the Americas and Japan operated by UA and NH, plus onward connections to broader Asia via NH's NRT/HND hubs.

Not covered

UA + Air China and UA + EVA Air are separate arrangements (codeshare without JV depth). ANA flying to Europe outside the Pacific corridor.

Booking implication

ANA "The Room" Business Class (777-300ER) and First Class are the standout premium products on the JV. UA Polaris (787, 777, 767) is the alternative US-side metal. The Room is widely regarded as one of the largest single business-class seats in widebody operation.

Members
United Airlines, ANA (All Nippon Airways)

Emirates + Qantas Joint Venture

Founded 2013 · 2 members

oceania middle east

The EK + QF JV launched in 2013 with DXB as the central connecting hub for QF's Europe-bound traffic from Australia. The JV was restructured in 2018 when QF moved its London nonstop back to a one-stop via SIN (rather than DXB) — DXB remains a connection point for some routes but the original "all roads lead to DXB" model has softened. Both carriers continue to share revenue on the corridor.

Routes covered

Australia ↔ Europe via DXB (Qantas + Emirates), Australia ↔ Middle East / Africa via DXB (Emirates), select Asia connections.

Not covered

QF's direct Australia-Europe nonstop services (PER-LHR, planned SYD-LHR via Project Sunrise) are outside the JV by design — those compete with rather than complement EK's DXB hub model. EK's Americas operations are independent of the JV.

Booking implication

For Australia-Europe premium cabin, the EK A380 first/business via DXB remains a benchmark in-cabin product, particularly the Game Changer 777-300ER. QF Project Sunrise (when it launches) will introduce nonstop alternatives that may be priced as a premium over the via-DXB option.

Members
Emirates, Qantas

Qatar Airways + IAG (BA + Iberia) Joint Business

Founded 2017 · 3 members

europe asia

The Qatar + IAG JB covers traffic between Europe and Asia / Africa / Australasia via Qatar's DOH hub. Qatar holds a ~25% stake in IAG and the JB coordinates revenue on the corridor, particularly out of LHR and MAD where IAG's Atlantic JB partners would otherwise compete with Qatar for connecting traffic.

Routes covered

Europe ↔ Asia / Africa / Australasia via DOH, with BA and IB providing the European feed and Qatar the long-haul connecting service.

Not covered

Qatar's direct service to the Americas is largely independent of the IAG JB. The JB does not overlap with the IAG-AA Atlantic JB.

Booking implication

For Europe-to-Asia premium cabin, Qatar Qsuite (777-300ER and A350-1000) is the premier in-cabin product on the JV, frequently beating the alternative one-stop options on cabin quality. The DOH connection is generally well-rated for premium-cabin lounge access.

Members
Qatar Airways, British Airways, Iberia

Cathay Pacific + Japan Airlines Pacific Joint Business

Founded 2019 · 2 members

pacific asia

The CX + JL JB covers traffic between Hong Kong and Japan plus selected onward connections — a notable intra-oneworld JV that complements the AA + JL Pacific JB on the US-Japan corridor and the AA + CX JB on US-Hong Kong. The arrangement coordinates schedules and revenue on the HKG-Japan corridor where both carriers operate competing services.

Routes covered

HKG to NRT, HND, KIX, NGO, FUK, plus onward connections via the respective member hubs.

Not covered

CX flying to North America, Europe, Australia, or non-Japan Asia is in separate arrangements where they exist. JL flying outside Japan-HKG is similarly outside this JB scope.

Booking implication

For HKG-Japan premium cabin, the JB makes CX Aria Suite (where deployed) and JL Sky Suite III interchangeable on the booking side. JL's newer A350-1000 First Class doesn't fly this corridor; both carriers operate widebody with refreshed business product. Award-redemption value via Asia Miles or JAL Mileage Bank is often stronger than via cash.

Members
Cathay Pacific, Japan Airlines

United Airlines + EVA Air Pacific Codeshare

Founded 2013 · 2 members

transpacific

The UA + EVA Air arrangement is a deep codeshare (not a full JV with revenue sharing) covering transpacific traffic between the Americas and Taiwan plus onward Asia. EVA joined Star Alliance in 2013 and the codeshare covers most US-Taipei flying. Without the depth of a full JV, the arrangement is more transactional than the UA + ANA Pacific JV but still meaningfully shapes connecting itineraries.

Routes covered

US gateways (LAX, SFO, JFK, IAH, ORD, SEA) to TPE on EVA metal, with UA codeshare flight numbers and Star Alliance reciprocal benefits. Onward connections from TPE to Southeast Asia and Australasia on EVA.

Not covered

No revenue sharing means each carrier manages its own pricing on overlapping routes (UA also flies SFO-TPE direct). The arrangement is operationally a codeshare without JV-level coordination.

Booking implication

EVA Royal Laurel business class on the 777-300ER is the operating-side premium product for the corridor — frequently rated above UA Polaris on cabin quality. Booking via UA may unlock Star Alliance partner-award redemptions on EVA metal that EVA's own programme handles less generously.

Members
United Airlines, EVA Air

Air India + Singapore Airlines (post-merger India-Asia)

Founded 2024 · 2 members

europe asia

After SIA acquired a 25.1% stake in Air India in 2024 (as part of the Vistara-Air India merger), the two carriers now operate a deep partnership covering the India-Singapore corridor and onward Asian connections. The arrangement is more than codeshare — coordinated capacity, revenue sharing on covered routes, and shared Star Alliance benefits as Air India transitions toward alliance membership.

Routes covered

India ↔ Singapore (multiple frequencies daily on both carriers), plus onward connections from SIN to Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Pacific. The arrangement is still maturing as the Vistara merger completes through 2026.

Not covered

Air India's European, North American, and African routes are independent of this arrangement. SIA's long-haul to the Americas is similarly outside scope.

Booking implication

For India-Asia premium cabin, the arrangement makes Air India's newly-refreshed business product (A350 deliveries from 2024) and Singapore Airlines' SilverKris benchmark business interchangeable on the booking side. AI is in the middle of a multi-billion-dollar fleet refresh and product transformation; cabin quality is rapidly converging upward.

Members
Air India, Singapore Airlines

China Southern Bilateral Codeshare Network

Founded 2019 · 6 members

global bilateral

China Southern left SkyTeam in 2019 and now operates as an independent carrier with a wide bilateral codeshare network including AA (oneworld-aligned), AF/KL/BA (multiple alliances), and Qatar Airways. The arrangement is codeshare-only — no JV revenue sharing — which means itinerary construction is more flexible than alliance-locked options but pricing is less coordinated.

Routes covered

CZ's extensive Asia network is bookable via AA, AF, KL, BA, and QR through codeshare. Onward connections beyond CZ's hub at CAN (Guangzhou) and PEK / PVG operate on whichever partner carrier provides the connecting metal.

Not covered

No JV-level revenue sharing means the operating carrier on a CZ-coded flight is always CZ; the booking partner does not share aircraft. Mileage accrual on partner programmes follows each carrier's own crediting rules — usually less generous than JV partner credits.

Booking implication

CZ premium cabin (A350-900 with reverse herringbone business class) is a competitive product on Asia routes. Booking via AA or BA may unlock partner-award redemption options that CZ's own programme would not offer.

Members
China Southern, American Airlines, Air France, KLM, British Airways, Qatar Airways

How to use this map

Four practical reading angles

  1. Before booking a premium-cabin ticket on any major long-haul corridor, identify the relevant JV and read the "members" + "booking implication" rows. They tell you which other carriers may end up operating your flight.
  2. For award-redemption planning, JV membership does not change the redemption cost — programme rules are independent. But it does mean a partner-award option booked through one programme may operate on a different alliance member's metal.
  3. For codeshare research beyond JVs, individual carrier "partner airlines" pages remain the authoritative source. The JV tracker is the corridor-level structural map; codeshare lists are the individual-carrier detail.
  4. When a JV restructures (member added or removed, scope changed), expect 6-12 months of operational changes as schedules and revenue allocation re-balance. The tracker shows current state; member-carrier press releases announce coming changes.

Methodology

What we track and how we verify

The tracker covers the major joint ventures that shape premium-cabin itinerary construction at scale on long-haul corridors. Pure codeshares without JV revenue sharing are not in scope — the alliance partner-airlines pages of each member carrier remain the authoritative source for individual codeshare relationships.

Each row captures the JV at its current operational state. Founding year is the year the current JV took its present shape (or successor year if restructured). Members are listed in canonical marketing order. The "routes covered" and "not covered" framings are deliberately concrete — what the JV actually does and does not, rather than alliance-marketing language.

Verification rule (same standard as the aircraft retrofit and loyalty trackers): every row carries a lastVerified ISO date and at least one click-through source URL. JVs change shape periodically (members added, scopes expanded, antitrust immunity renewed) — refresh cadence matches the underlying announcements.

Drill deeper

Connected pages

All data & reportsAll reportsAircraft retrofit trackerLoyalty devaluation trackerCarrier leaderboardAll airlines

FAQ

Frequently asked questions

What is the difference between a codeshare and a joint venture?
A codeshare lets one carrier sell tickets on another carrier's metal under its own flight number. A joint venture (also called a Joint Business or JB) is deeper — members share revenue, coordinate schedules and capacity on the corridor the JV covers, and operate with antitrust immunity granted by the relevant regulators. Most major long-haul corridors today are governed by a JV between two or more alliance partners.
Why does this matter for premium-cabin booking?
On a JV-covered corridor, the operating carrier on your flight may be a different member than the one that sold you the ticket. The product gap between members can be material — a "BA flight" sold by AA may operate on AA Flagship Business or BA Club Suite. The JV map tells you which carriers are interchangeable on which corridors, so you can check the operating metal before paying premium-cabin money.
Are these all the codeshares my carrier has?
No — the tracker covers the major joint ventures, not every codeshare relationship. Pure codeshares (without JV revenue sharing) number in the hundreds across the alliance system; many are operationally insignificant for premium-cabin booking. The JVs documented here are the ones that shape long-haul itinerary construction at scale.
How are JVs different from alliances?
An alliance (oneworld, Star Alliance, SkyTeam) is a marketing and frequent-flyer agreement among many carriers. A joint venture is a deeper commercial agreement among a subset of alliance members on a specific corridor — typically with antitrust immunity allowing the JV members to coordinate as if they were a single carrier on that corridor. A carrier can be in an alliance without being in a JV with every other alliance member.
How is this verified?
Every row carries a `lastVerified` ISO date and at least one click-through source URL pointing at a member carrier announcement, regulator order, or recognised industry trade press. JVs change shape (members join, scopes expand, antitrust immunity gets renewed) — refresh cadence matches the underlying announcements.

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